Mental Models
Product Operating Model
How empowered product teams are organized to solve problems, not just build and ship features off a roadmap.
Marty Cagan's Product Operating Model draws the line between teams handed a roadmap of features to build and teams handed a problem to solve — with the product/design/engineering partnership, continuous discovery, and outcome accountability that actually requires. I use it as the check for whether an org is really doing "product," or just running a feature factory with better vocabulary.